Speed and Performance of Ethernet Cables

Guides/Speed and performance

Speed and
performance.

What each category can carry, what limits it in practice, and what our cables are rated at.

What the categories mean

Speed is not a property of the cable.
It is a property of the cable and the distance.

Every category carries 1 Gbps across a full 100-metre run. What separates them is how far they hold 10 Gbps. These figures belong to the standard, not to any particular product.

10 Gbps 10 Gbps, depending on the installation 1 Gbps
Cat 5e100 MHz
No 10 Gbps1 Gbps to 100 m
Cat 6250 MHz
10 Gbps to 37–55 m1 Gbps to 100 m
Cat 7600 MHz
10 Gbps to 100 m1 Gbps to 100 m
025 m50 m75 m100 m

The striped section of the middle row is the part nobody mentions. Category 6 reaches 10 Gbps to 37 m in any installation, and as far as 55 m only where interference from neighbouring cables is low — which is not the case in a tight bundle or a full cable tray. Distance here is the full path between devices, patch cords included: see Choosing the Right Cable.

What Mr. Tronic cables are rated at

A category sets a ceiling.
This is the floor we stand on.

What a given cable delivers depends on its construction, so we publish the rating of each range instead of the maximum its category permits.

Range Rating
Mr. Tronic Cat 5e 1 Gbps · 100 MHz
Mr. Tronic Cat 6 1 Gbps · 250 MHz
Mr. Tronic Cat 7 10 Gbps · 600 MHz
The most common mistake

Buying a Category 6 cable for a 10 Gbps link because the standard permits it. It does — over a fraction of the distance, and only in a quiet installation.

If 10 Gbps is what you need, the Cat 7 range is the one to look at. It is also why our Cat 6 range is published as 1 Gbps: that is what it delivers across a full run.

What limits performance in practice

Four things, and none of them is the category.

01

Length

Every metre adds resistance and attenuation. 100 m is the limit for a single run in any category; beyond that the signal needs a switch, an extender or fibre. Keeping runs under 50 m removes the question entirely.

02

Interference

Ethernet carries data as electrical signals, so nearby power cabling, motors and dense equipment can degrade them. Cables bundled tightly against each other interfere with one another too, which is what shortens a Category 6 link at 10 Gbps.

03

Termination

A cable is only as good as its ends. A connector crimped with wires out of order, or with the pairs untwisted further back than necessary, will underperform a cheaper cable terminated properly.

04

Handling

Sharp bends and hard pulls damage the conductors inside the jacket, and the damage is invisible from outside. Do not bend to a radius smaller than eight times the outer diameter, and pull by hand.

On termination

Follow T568A or T568B and keep the same scheme at both ends. One at each end produces a crossover, not a straight-through cable — the two schemes are set out in Introduction to Ethernet Cables, and the 13 mm untwist limit in the Installation Guide.

Wired against Wi-Fi

Three differences that matter
for gaming, calls and streaming.

Latency

Lower and, more importantly, steadier. It is the variation, not the average, that is felt — shown side by side in Gaming and Ethernet Cables.

Throughput

Does not fall away with distance and walls.

Contention

The connection does not compete with every other device in the building for airtime.

Jacket materials

Where the cable can live.

PVC

The standard indoor jacket: flexible, durable and economical.

LSZH

Low smoke, zero halogen: emits less smoke and no halogenated gas when burnt.

PE

Used on outdoor cable, for UV and moisture resistance.

Keep reading

Next in the guides.

A specific product

This page is general guidance about the technology. For the rating of a Mr. Tronic product see its listing; for its instructions see Instructions for Use. Questions to info@mr-tronic.com, quoting the EAN printed on the box.